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　　以前认为股四头肌由四个头组成即股直肌、股中肌、股外肌和股内肌。

　　但是最近国外学者Grob K发现在临床解剖中发现的肌肉和书本上的不同，于是乎发现在股外侧肌和股中肌中间还有一块儿肌肉。这块肌肉被命名为The tensor vastus intermedius（伸股外肌） 。

　　真是学无止境啊，现在对人体的肌肉的认识我们还不全面。

　　Abstract

　　The quadriceps femoris

　　is traditionally described as a muscle group composed of the rectus

　　femoris and the three vasti. However, clinical experience and

　　investigations of anatomical specimens are not consistent with the

　　textbook deion. We have found a second tensor-like muscle between

　　the vastus lateralis (VL) and the vastus intermedius (VI), hereafter

　　named the tensor VI (TVI). The aim of this study was to clarify whETHer

　　this intervening muscle was a variation of the VL or the VI, or a

　　separate head of the extensor apparatus. Twenty-six cadaveric lower

　　limbs were investigated. The architecture of the quadriceps femoris was

　　examined with special attention to innervation and vascularization

　　patterns. All muscle components were traced from origin to insertion and

　　their affiliations were determined. A TVI was found in all dissections.

　　It was supplied by independent muscular and vascular branches of the

　　femoral nerve and lateral circumflex femoral artery. Further distally,

　　the TVI combined with an aponeurosis merging separately into the

　　quadriceps tendon and inserting on the medial aspect of the patella.

　　Four morphological types of TVI were distinguished: Independent-type

　　(11/26), VI-type (6/26), VL-type (5/26), and Common-type (4/26). This

　　study demonstrated that the quadriceps femoris is architecturally

　　different from previous deions: there is an additional muscle

　　belly between the VI and VL, which cannot be clearly assigned to the

　　former or the latter. Distal exposure shows that this muscle belly

　　becomes its own aponeurosis, which continues distally as part of the

　　quadriceps tendon. Clin. Anat. 29:256-263, 2016. © 2015 Wiley

　　Periodicals, Inc.

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